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Smart cities employ Internet of Things (IoT) technology to create an efficient and responsive connected metropolis. The smart cities market is expected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 29.4% from 2025 to 2030.
Smart infrastructure, like transportation and utilities, provides real-time updates on traffic and usage. Connected emergency systems shorten response times.
However, increased connectivity exposes vulnerabilities that could put citizens at risk. Ensuring seamless component integration is a key challenge when creating smart cities.
Build Smarter Cities with IoT
Table of Contents
- Connectivity and Smart Cities for Secure IoT
- What Is Identity Management for Massive IoT Deployments?
- How Does Governance Secure IoT for Smart Cities?
- The Role of Sustainability in Smart Cities
- Best Practices for Smart City IoT Security
- Safeguarding Data across Public Sector IoT
- What’s Next for Smart Cities
- Key Takeaways
Connectivity and Smart Cities for Secure IoT
Smart cities efficiently coordinate:
- Interconnected processes
- Connected device communication
- Movement and analysis of data
With IoT infrastructure, smart cities utilize connectivity and data to provide citizens with an efficient and personalized experience.
A resilient IoT network is crucial for a smart city, which leverages multiple technologies, including:
- Fiber optics
- Wi-Fi
- Cellular
5G and extensive IoT sensor networks enable fast, high-bandwidth data sharing. This enhances public services, enriching citizens’ quality of life through improved efficiency.
5G technology enhances IoT capabilities through:
- Higher data transfer rates through faster bandwidth
- Reduced latency to as low as 1 millisecond
- Increased device connectivity via Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
Features such as point-to-point communication among 5G devices enable new applications in IoT, aiding in the development of smart cities.
With these changes, cities must prepare and plan for new risks, like increased cyberattacks. As digital and physical systems become more integrated and attack surfaces expand, cities must adopt various security strategies to respond effectively.
Implementing a security by design approach when planning smart city projects is crucial. This includes:
- Advanced access controls to limit data and system access
- Network segmentation to isolate vulnerabilities
- Artificial intelligence (AI)-driven detection to identify threats
- Identity management for all devices
What Is Identity Management for Massive IoT Deployments?
Countless sensors and devices drive smart city innovations. Identity management includes systems that ensure every network sensor and device possesses a secure and unique identity. This includes protocols for assigning, managing and securing these identities across extensive IoT networks.
Identity management ensures that each device connected to smart city infrastructure is:
- Identified by a unique ID
- Safeguarded against hacking or impersonation
- Managed remotely through secure authentication and control systems
- Authenticated using digital certificates
- Tracked and verified through tamper-resistant technologies
Certificates are crucial for authenticating IoT devices. Certificate authorities vet organizations before issuing certificates, ensuring their validity. Each certificate includes both a private key and a public key, which work together to securely authenticate entities. Digital certificate standards, such as X.509, enable the streamlined management of digital identities.
Blockchain is a secure, decentralized ledger system that stores device identities and activity records in a tamper-resistant way. It maintains a chronological, unalterable record of transactions or events.
Effective identity management enables the delivery of personalized, responsive services by integrating AI and machine learning. For example, public transit systems can integrate with city infrastructure to create customized routes and recommendations based on typical schedules and locations.
How Does Governance Secure IoT for Smart Cities?
Governance oversees basic rules and higher-level controls. Effective governance encompasses a range of elements. These include administrative policies and more complex aspects like data governance, which dictates how IoT device data is managed. The following are some areas to watch:
Balancing Smart City Innovation and IoT Security Regulations
Leaders of smart cities must coordinate with stakeholders to develop modern policies while maintaining privacy. For example, the EU’s Data Governance Act defines a set of rules for providers of data intermediation services (e.g., data marketplaces). The act ensures that they will function as trustworthy organizers of data sharing or pooling within the common European data spaces. This delicate balance drives progress without compromising public trust.
Prioritizing Collaboration
Effective governance requires collaboration between the public and private sectors to drive progress while mitigating risks. System integrators and information experts must manage and interpret large amounts of data generated by smart city applications. Public-private partnerships (PPPs) enable governments to leverage the private sector’s technical expertise and efficiencies in funding complex, high-cost projects.
The Role of Sustainability in Smart Cities
Effective smart city planning is a catalyst for sustainability. In the Netherlands, smart cities are integrating renewable energy sources like solar pavement footpaths. This reduces carbon footprints while increasing efficiency.
Waste management is optimized in many smart city projects through sensor-enabled smart bins that minimize collection routes and emissions. These measures align with broader sustainability goals.
Smart waste management systems efficiently keep the city clean and safe. EV charging stations support smart mobility and reduce emissions. These types of sustainability measures rely on secure IoT systems that provide safe data:
- Collection
- Storage
- Monitoring
Best Practices for Smart City IoT Security
Securing IoT in smart cities requires a proactive, layered approach. Both physical and digital vulnerabilities must be addressed.
1. Start with Security
Smart city infrastructure connects countless devices across locations. You must consider risks across every layer of the stack. This means security by design, which encompasses:
- Devices
- Connectivity
- Third-party platforms
For example, a traffic system uses advanced communication networks and high-level encryption to support secure and reliable operations. Embed security from the start to build resilient systems that protect public trust and ensure long-term success.
2. Consider Your Hardware
Whether it’s surveillance cameras or public Wi-Fi in busy transit hubs like airports and train stations, securing the hardware of IoT devices is crucial. The edge, where devices connect to the network, is often the first target for attacks across large IoT networks. Robust physical protection and secure firmware help defend against breaches.
3. Update Continuously for IoT Security
Federal standards like FIPS 140 validate cryptographic processes for standardized and secure encryption and authentication. Adopting standards like the IoT Security Foundation Framework can help create a baseline for protection.
However, continuous advancement is still necessary. Pay attention to evolving needs and threats as you explore use cases for various initiatives, such as transportation and public safety.
4. Transition Systems Responsibly
Smart cities often operate in hybrid environments, where legacy infrastructure coexists with newer technology. Gradual hardware upgrades can leave outdated systems embedded in critical operations, posing security and efficiency risks.
Ongoing security planning ensures cities identify outdated infrastructure risks and avoid rushed transitions. They can proactively budget to phase out old solutions still embedded in critical operations.
Solutions like AWS IoT ExpressLink simplify security requirements by providing pre-provisioned devices with secure certificates and connections. This way, smaller businesses can participate in the smart city ecosystem.
5. Automate
Centralized platforms offer opportunities to automate remote device management, improving operational efficiency. Streamlining and automation improve predictability and enhance anomaly detection, helping identify potential issues before they escalate. With more reliable device oversight, security threats have fewer openings.
Automating repetitive tasks and maintaining network predictability helps organizations effectively detect anomalies and potential security threats.
Safeguarding Data across Public Sector IoT
Smart cities rely on millions of connected sensors and devices that generate vast amounts of data. These IoT devices require constant, secure connectivity to function reliably, especially in critical areas like:
- Transportation
- Public safety
- Utilities
Security becomes complex when multiple projects and stakeholders are involved. Coordinating across agencies and jurisdictions requires effective planning to avoid conflicts and ensure consistent protection.
Secure connectivity is essential for accessing criminal justice databases and enabling real-
